Fig. 3
From: Lactate infusion improves cardiac function in a porcine model of ischemic cardiogenic shock
Relative and absolute changes in hemodynamic parameters during lactate versus control. Changes in endpoint parameters during 180 min of lactate infusion versus control compared with baseline. Bars represent mean relative change during lactate infusion compared with control infusion and error bars indicate SEM. Corresponding mean absolute changes ± SEM are listed above or below each bar. P-values are stated on all results. CO Cardiac output, CPO Cardiac power output, Ea Arterial elastance, Ees End-systolic elastance, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, MAP Mean arterial blood pressure, PAWP Pulmonary artery wedge pressure, SvO2 Mixed venous oxygen saturation, VA Coupling  Ventriculo-arterial coupling (Ea/Ees)